How to prevent diabetes

How to prevent diabetes

According to the World Diabetes Federation, more than 415 million adults have type 2 diabetes, and by 2040 this number could double and a half. How to influence poor prognosis and prevent the development of the disease, says our expert - Head of the Department of Endocrinology, RNIMU IM Faculty of Medicine. N. I. PIROGOV, MD, PROF. TATYANA YULYEVNA DEMIDOVA.

Typically, type 2 diabetes (DM 2) is preceded by a so-called prediabetic state, in which plasma glucose levels have exceeded normal but are still insufficient to diagnose DM 2.

In most cases, prediabetes is detected as part of a routine pharmacy check-up or treatment for another condition. Regular monitoring of carbohydrate metabolism is necessary for the presence of risk factors.

Risk factors for prediabetes and diabetes:

1. Age - over 45 years old.

2. Overweight and obesity - BMI over 25 kg/m2.

3. Family History - A parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes.

4. Habitual low physical activity.

5. Impaired fasting blood sugar or impaired glucose tolerance.

6. Gestational diabetes or the birth of a large fetus.

7. Arterial hypertension or drug antihypertensive treatment.

8. High-density cholesterol greater than 0.9 mmol/l and/or triglycerides greater than 2.82 mmol/l.

9. Polycystic ovary syndrome.

10. Presence of cardiovascular disease.

3 principles of diabetes prevention

The main effect of preventing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes belong to nonpharmacological measures.

These include:

1. Nutritional adjustments aimed at losing or maintaining normal body weight;

2. Quit smoking and drinking;

3. Dosage of physical activity.

The main goal is to lose 5-10% of body weight and maintain the results achieved in the long term.

7 Principles of Good Nutrients:

 1. Fractional nutrition - as a minimum three primary food and a couple of mild food consistent with day.

 2. In the sphere of carbohydrate nutrition, the manipulate of carbohydrate settlements by a small gram- glycemic alphabetical desk pointer, the very best carbohydrate limit is right now desired.

3. At least five servings of fruit and greens consistent with day, update processed ingredients with complete grains to grow the ratio of nutritional fiber.

 4. Increase fiber intake via way of 14 g consistent with a thousand kilocalories consistent with the day or up to twenty-five g consistent with day for ladies and 38 g consistent with day for men.

 five. In phrases of protein nutrition, the manipulation of small fish, fat, milk, sour-milk merchandise, and cottage cheese, meat is beneficial.

 6. Reduce intake of animal fat.

 7. Limit intake of salt to govern the middle of gravity of the blood.

 Every kg misplaced in overweight humans changed into related to an extra 7% discount withinside the hazard of