DIABETES

DIABETES

Diabetes is a chronic endocrine disease caused by a lack of insulin produced or insufficient activity

There are the following types of diabetes:

¨     <>  type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent);

¨      <.> type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent).

¨      <>  Diabetes mellitus: symptoms

 

Diabetes often doesn't show up right away. This disease in the human body is in an "inactive" state, without giving itself away. Often detected during routine examinations with a general analysis of blood and urine.

Often, diabetes is determined, for example, by an ophthalmologist or dentist when examining the fundus or oral cavity.

The signs of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different. However, there are a number of symptoms that are characteristic of both types of diabetes:

1. strong indomitable thirst;

2. frequent urination;

3. the uncontrollable feeling of hunger;

4. rapid weight loss;

5. a sharp deterioration in vision;

6. increased fatigue and general weakness;

7. numbness and tingling of the lower and upper extremities;

8. long healing skin lesions;

9. itching in the genital area and itchy skin.

The severity of symptoms depends on the duration of the course of the disease, its severity, and the individual characteristics of the patient's immune system. In some patients, all symptoms may be well expressed, in others, they are barely noticeable or completely absent.

 

Diabetes mellitus: complications

Diabetes must be constantly monitored and compensated. With poor compensation of the disease, as a result of frequent and sharp fluctuations in blood glucose levels, there is a high risk of developing complications, which, depending on the time of manifestation, are divided into late and early.

Early complications include conditions that can develop within days or even hours. These include hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, etc. Late complications are considered very severe, they develop gradually, imperceptibly, and, unfortunately, are irreversible. This group includes diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macro- and microangiopathy, diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, specific skin lesions, and some others.

Prevention (treatment) of type 1 diabetes

Insulin-dependent diabetes is a chronic disease and there is no cure for it. Therefore, the treatment of the disease is mainly aimed at its compensation and prevention of complications.

Treatment for type 1 diabetes includes the following methods:

1. daily, lifelong insulin administration;

2. diet therapy, which implies a limited intake of sick sugar into the body;

3. regular moderate physical activity;

4. constant self-monitoring of glucose levels in urine and blood.

Severe type 1 diabetes requires constant medical supervision and immediate treatment of emerging complications.

Insulin-dependent diabetes is a disease of young age, more often affects children. The development of the disease is due to genetic predisposition and the impact on the child's body of adverse factors (acute viral infection, psychological or physical stress, malnutrition).

 

Prevention (treatment) of type 2 diabetes

1. Treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes is based on the following methods:

2. diet therapy, excluding the consumption of rapidly digestible carbohydrates;

3. regular moderate physical activity;

4. weight loss (if necessary);

5. quitting smoking and drinking alcohol;

6. administration of insulin (if necessary);

7. taking hypoglycemic oral medications;

8. early diagnosis and treatment of complications;

9. constant self-monitoring of blood and urine sugar levels.

Effective treatment of type 2 diabetes is not possible without diet, which is why diet therapy is the main treatment for this disease.

 

It is believed that diabetes is not preventable. However, there are a number of recommendations, following which, you can reduce the risk of developing the disease.

The root causes of type 2 diabetes include obesity and genetic predisposition. Therefore, the basis for the prevention of the disease is proper nutrition and physiotherapy.